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Which of the following operating boundaries should be included in the analysis?

  1. Normal and shutdown

  2. Only normal operation

  3. Non-operational periods

  4. Start-up and upset conditions

The correct answer is: Normal and shutdown

In Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) analysis, it's essential to include all relevant operating boundaries to accurately assess the risks associated with equipment and processes. The inclusion of both normal and shutdown conditions allows for a comprehensive understanding of how the equipment performs under varying circumstances. Normal operating conditions refer to standard practices where the equipment functions as it is intended, while shutdown conditions are crucial for identifying potential degradation or failure mechanisms that can occur when the equipment is not in operation. Analyzing these conditions together ensures that the potential risks during regular operations, as well as those that might arise during downtime or maintenance, are accounted for in the risk assessment. Considering non-operational periods alone would not capture the risks linked to active processing, while focusing solely on normal operation would overlook the critical risks present during shutdowns. Therefore, the correct answer encompasses a holistic approach to evaluating all operating boundaries that could impact the integrity of the equipment. This ensures that decision-making regarding maintenance, inspections, and operational practices is informed by a complete risk profile.